2014 FIFA World Cup qualification: 9th qualification out of 15 tries. (1930-1950, did not enter; 1958: entry denied). South Korea has qualified for the World Cup in: 1954, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 (2014 is South Korea’s 8th straight WC qualification).
Previous WC finish: 2010, Round of 16 (1-1-2). Highest WC finish: 2002, Fourth Place (3-2-2).

Population of South Korea: 50.2 million {2013 estimate}. Capital and largest city: Seoul, metro area pop. 25.6 million {2013 est.}.
‘Administrative divisions of South Korea/Provincial level divisions [map]‘ (en.wikipedia.org).

-South Korea coach, Hong Myung-Bo (who was squad captain of South Korea when the Taegeuk Warriors made it to the Semifinals of the 20002 World Cup). Hong Myung-Bo.
-South Korea squad captain, Lee Chung-Yong, Bolton Wanderers MF/RW. Lee Chung-Yong.

Below: Theoretical Best XI for South Korea (with 4 other player-options further below) -

Photo and Image credits above -
South Korea 2014 home jersey, photo from footyheadlines.com/2013/09/south-korea-2014-world-cup-kit-info.
South Korea on globe map, by Ksiom at ‘File:South Korea (orthographic projection).svg‘ (en.wikipedia.org).
South Korea map, by NordNordWest at ‘File:South Korea location map.svg‘ (commons.wikimedia.org).
Coach,
Hong Myung-Bo, photo by AFP/Getty Images via dailymail.co.uk/sport/football.
Goalkeeper,
Jung Sung-Ryong (Suwon Bluewings), photo by Masashi Hara/Getty Images AsiaPac via zimbio.com.
Defenders,
Yong Lee (Ulsyan Hyundai), photo by Kaz Photography/Getty Images AsiaPac via zimbio.com.
Hong Jeong-Ho (Augsburg), photo by Matthias Schrader, AP via sfgate.com/sports.
Kim Young-Gwon CB/LB (Guangzhou Evergrande), photo by Mohammed Messara/EFE via miamiherald.com
Kim Jin-Su LB (Albirex Niigata), photo by Masashi Hara/Getty Images via gettyimages.com.
Midfielders,
Lee Chung-Yong RM/RW (Bolton), photo unattributed at whoateallthepies.tv.
Koo Ja-Cheol CM/AM/RW (Mainz), photo by Alex Grimm/Bongarts/Getty Images via gettyimages.com.
Ki Sung-Yueng CM (Swansea City/Sunderland), photo by Matthew Lewis/Getty Images Europe via zimbio.com.
Kim Bo-Kyung AM/LW/RW (Cardiff City), photo by Jan Kruger/Getty Images Europe via zimbio.com.
Forwards,
Park Chu-Young FW/S (Watford), photo [unattributed] uploaded by KyopoOhNo at bigsoccer.com/community/threads/park-ju-young-watford-f-c-2014-r.2000051/page-6.
Son Heung-Min FW/SS (Bayer Leverkusen), photo [unattributed] uploaded by CoreanBoy671 at bigsoccer.com/community/threads/son-heung-min-bayer-04-leverkusen
Other player-options,
Han Kook-Young CM/DM (Kashiwa Reysol), photo by Lintao Zhang/Getty Images AsiaPac via zimbio.com.
Kim Shin-Wook FW (Ulsan Hyundai), photo unattributed at goal.com.
Lee Keun-Ho (Ulsan Hyundai/Sangju Sangmu), photo from ytn.co.kr/_sn.
Ji Dong-Won FW/RW/LW (Augsburg->Borussia Dortmund), photo unattributed at coowool.com/bbs/sports-sc.

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Thanks to the contributors at ‘2014 FIFA World Cup qualification‘ (en.wikipedia.org).
Thanks to the contributors at ‘South Korea national football team‘ (en.wikipedia.org & ko.wikipedia.org).
Thanks to http://www.transfermarkt.com/en/, for player-position details; and at transfermarkt.co.uk/en/south-korea/startseite/nationalmannschaft.